Historier fra Etnia. Representasjon av kulturell annerledeshet i lærebøker i musikk for norsk ungdomsskole

Abstract

ABSTRACT. - Stories from Ethnia: Representation of cultural difference in textbooks for music in Norwegian comprehensive school. - The article deals with representation of minority music and culture in Norwegian textbooks for comprehensive school. Using taxonomy from Schippers (2010) to identify different ways of understanding world music, both texts, pictures and audio materials are analyzed. Analyzes are in no way exhaustive, and the main goal is to pinpoint some processes that are ideologically loaded. Through several examples from texts, pictures and audio, it is shown that a psychological distance between majority and minority cultures is constructed. This is done through processes of exotification and othering of minority cultures on the one side, and normalizing and exnomination of majority culture on the other. The examples are analyzed with inspiration from critical discourse analyze and social semiotics. Showing that the textbooks representation of these musics and cultures are driven from premises of difference and otherness, a metaphor – Ethnia – as a place for projecting pure otherness and distance to majority culture, is suggested. Keywords: World Music, Music textbook, Multicultural perspectives, Critical analyzes, Exotification